What is biophilic design? Techniques for use in architecture and interior design

Biophilic design is revolutionizing the way we conceive and experience architectural and interior spaces. In an increasingly urbanized world, where people spend most of their time in built environments, disconnection from nature has become a common issue. This design approach seeks to bridge that gap by integrating natural elements into our daily surroundings, fostering a deep connection between people and the natural environment around them.

Beyond a simple trend, biophilic design is a response to the intrinsic human need to connect with nature. It is based on scientific, cultural, and aesthetic principles to create spaces that are not only functional and sustainable but also enhance the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of their inhabitants. From offices and homes to public spaces, biophilic design is becoming an essential strategy for building healthier and more livable environments.

In this article, we will delve into what biophilic design is, its fundamental principles, and how it can be applied to architecture and interior design. We will also explore how materials such as ceramics, with their versatility and ability to evoke natural textures and colors, play a crucial role in implementing this innovative approach. Finally, we will highlight the proven benefits of biophilic design and showcase inspiring projects that demonstrate its positive impact on quality of life and connection with nature.

What is biophilic design?

Biophilic design is rooted in the concept of biophilia, a term introduced by biologist Edward O. Wilson in his 1984 book Biophilia. Wilson argued that humans have a biological affinity for nature, developed over thousands of years of evolution in natural environments. This innate connection to the natural world influences our health, well-being, and happiness. However, modernity and urbanization have created spaces that often lack elements evoking nature, impacting our quality of life.

Biophilic design seeks to reverse this disconnection by integrating elements reminiscent of nature into built environments. This goes beyond simply adding plants or exterior views and involves a holistic approach that considers materials, textures, colors, lighting, and patterns that emulate aspects of the natural world.

For example, a biophilic space might include ceramics with textures mimicking wood or stone, colors reflecting natural landscapes like forests or coasts, and designs inspired by fractal or organic patterns, such as those featured in our latest Shelter collection. Special attention is also given to natural light, the presence of water, and the incorporation of living vegetation.

Biophilic design is not only aesthetically relevant but also offers significant functional and psychological benefits. Numerous studies have shown that biophilic environments can reduce stress, boost productivity, stimulate creativity, and improve overall health. Additionally, this approach promotes sustainability by using low-impact materials and encouraging a deeper connection with the natural environment, inspiring more responsible resource use.

In essence, biophilic design is not just about decorating spaces with natural elements but about designing environments that reflect and celebrate our fundamental relationship with nature, creating places where we can thrive physically, mentally, and emotionally.

Principles of biophilic design in architecture and interior design

As mentioned, biophilic design is not a decorative style; it is a holistic approach that combines aesthetics, functionality and sustainability. It uses a number of key principles that connect the built environment with nature in an authentic and meaningful way.

Connecting with nature through materials

One of the most effective ways to apply biophilic design is through the use of natural or nature-inspired materials, which evoke a sense of harmony and connection with the natural environment.

The use of ceramics inspired by natural textures and colours.

Porcelain tiles are a versatile and sustainable material that can emulate the textures and colours of nature, such as stone, wood or earth. For example:

-Rustic textures. Tiles with rough finishes that mimic natural stone provide a tactile sense of connection to the ground and mountains.

-Warm, earthy tones. Chromatic ranges inspired by clay, marble or granite evoke natural landscapes.

- Organic designs. Patterns and undulating shapes in ceramics that reflect elements such as waves or tree bark.

In interiors, this type of ceramic can be used in wall coverings, floors and countertops, providing a visual base consistent with biophilic principles.

Integration of sustainable and low-impact materials

Sustainability is a fundamental pillar of biophilic design. The use of low environmental impact materials not only connects with nature, but also protects it. Ceramic is a prime example of a sustainable material as it is durable and wear-resistant, reducing the need for frequent replacement. In addition, it is produced from natural materials such as clay, an abundant and non-toxic resource, and finally, it is increasingly manufactured using low-emission and recycling processes, reducing its carbon footprint.

Natural light

Natural light is one of the most important elements in biophilic design. Spaces designed to maximise natural light not only reduce energy consumption, but also improve the quality of the environment.

- Large, strategically placed windows. They allow uniform lighting and views to the outside.

- Ceramics with a glossy finish. Using ceramics with glossy finishes helps to maximise the distribution of natural light, creating a bright and welcoming atmosphere.

- Skylights and skylights. They add a direct connection to the sky, bringing dynamism to the space.

Incorporation of natural patterns

Biophilic design also includes the use of patterns that mimic nature, such as curves, branching and fractal symmetries. These patterns evoke the feeling of being immersed in a natural environment. For this, ceramic tiles can be used that are strongly related to nature and that reproduce patterns present in leaves, corals, snowflakes, etcetera. At Dune we have the Magnet series, which is born from the fusion of the 4 elements of nature with the most advanced ceramic techniques, in which the sophistication of the decorative pieces stands out. 

Use of vegetation and water

The incorporation of plants and water features adds a living component to biophilic design, revitalising any space. This can be achieved with vertical gardens, planters, or even plants integrated into furniture.

Benefits of biophilic design

Biophilic design not only enhances the aesthetics of architectural spaces, but also has a profound impact on people's physical, mental and emotional well-being. By integrating natural elements into built environments, this approach transforms the way we experience space, providing tangible benefits in homes, workplaces and public spaces alike.

Impact on health and well-being

Humans have evolved in close relationship with nature, and our bodies respond positively to its presence. Studies have shown that biophilic environments can significantly improve our physical and mental health:

- Stress reduction. Exposure to natural elements, such as natural light, organic patterns or materials that evoke nature, reduces cortisol levels (the stress hormone) and improves mood. Spaces with biophilic design foster an atmosphere of calm and tranquillity.

- Improved air quality. The inclusion of plants and natural materials contributes to cleaner, healthier air. Although tiles do not produce oxygen like plants, those made from natural clays do not release toxins, making them ideal for healthy spaces.

- Promoting rest and recuperation. In hospital environments, biophilic spaces have been shown to accelerate patient recovery, as the presence of elements that evoke nature has restorative effects.

- Thermal and acoustic regulation. Materials such as ceramics not only evoke natural textures, but also help maintain stable temperatures and reduce noise, contributing to the overall comfort of the space.

Improved productivity and creativity in work environments

Workspaces designed with biophilic principles are associated with increased productivity and creativity. This is because these environments meet our basic psychological needs and help us to concentrate better.

- Increased concentration. The presence of natural light and nature-inspired elements reduces mental fatigue and improves the ability to concentrate.

- Stimulation of creativity. Spaces that include organic patterns or natural textures encourage creative thinking by providing a visually stimulating environment.

- Reduced absenteeism. Working in a biophilic environment reduces stress and improves well-being, leading to fewer sick days.

Sustainability and emotional connection

In addition to health benefits, biophilic design encourages more sustainable practices and creates an emotional connection with the environment.

- Environmental awareness. By using natural or low-impact materials, such as recycled ceramics, biophilic design promotes sustainability and educates about the importance of caring for the planet.

- Emotional connection. Biophilic spaces make us feel more connected to nature, which can inspire more environmentally responsible behaviour.

How to achieve biophilic design with tiles?

As we have already seen, porcelain tiles are an exceptional resource for implementing biophilic design, combining functionality, versatility and aesthetics. With options ranging from textures inspired by natural materials to organic patterns, tiles can transform any space into an environment that evokes nature in an authentic and sustainable way, such as our Magnet series, created from the energy and connection of nature's 4 elements; or our latest launch Shelter, which is inspired by the fractal shapes of forests and geological structures.

Textures and finishes that evoke nature

Ceramic offers a variety of finishes that mimic the textures of natural materials such as wood, stone or marble. These designs are not only visually appealing, but also provide a tactile experience that reinforces the connection with nature that biophilic design seeks.

- Imitation of natural stone. Tiles with granite, slate or sandstone textures are ideal for floors and walls, creating a rustic, organic feel.

- Wood effect tiles. Tiles that imitate wood offer a warm and welcoming aesthetic, perfect for homes and commercial spaces. They are also more durable and easier to maintain than natural wood.

Natural colours and organic colour ranges

Colours play a crucial role in biophilic design. Ceramic allows you to explore a wide palette of tones that evoke natural landscapes. At Dune we have a wide variety of coloured tiles, ranging from earthy tones (browns, ochres and beige) to blue and green tiles, reminiscent of water, sky and vegetation, ideal for relaxing spaces. Grey and soft white tiles are also shades that bring serenity and elegance and can be included to achieve a biophilic design.

Patterns inspired by organic shapes

Patterns on tiles can replicate shapes and structures present in nature, such as leaves, branches, waves or fractals. These shapes are not only aesthetically pleasing, but also have a relaxing effect on people.

- Wall coverings with leaf or flower motifs. Perfect for kitchens, bathrooms or commercial spaces looking for a vibrant and fresh touch.

- Wavy designs. Tiles with reliefs or patterns that evoke the movement of water or sand dunes, adding dynamism to the space.

-Fractals and symmetries. Geometric patterns inspired by nature, such as those present in beehives or shells, which provide visual order without losing naturalness.

Ceramic, thanks to its versatility, durability and ability to emulate natural textures and colours, is an ideal material for implementing biophilic design and creating spaces that truly connect with humans and their natural surroundings. Whether in homes, offices or commercial spaces, ceramic tiles offer endless possibilities to transform any environment into a haven of connection with nature. This approach not only improves the quality of spaces, but also the quality of life of those who inhabit them. In this sense, biophilic design offers an innovative and sustainable approach that transforms architectural spaces into environments that are healthy, inspiring and in harmony with nature.